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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q10-Q15):
NEW QUESTION # 10
Which of the following services use TCP protocol?
- A. SNMP
- B. HTTP
- C. IKE
- D. NTP
Answer: B
Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ensures reliable, ordered data delivery via a connection-oriented handshake, contrasting with UDP's lightweight, connectionless approach. Analyzing each service:
C . HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Uses TCP (port 80) for web traffic. TCP's reliability ensures HTML, images, etc., arrive intact. HTTPS (TCP 443) extends this with TLS. RFC 2616 mandates TCP.
A . SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Defaults to UDP (port 161) for monitoring devices. UDP's speed suits its lightweight queries, though TCP variants exist (rarely used).
B . NTP (Network Time Protocol): Uses UDP (port 123) per RFC 5905. UDP minimizes latency for time sync, tolerating occasional packet loss.
D . IKE (Internet Key Exchange): Part of IPsec, uses UDP (port 500) per RFC 7296. UDP suits its negotiation phase; TCP isn't standard.
Security Implications: TCP services like HTTP are more prone to state-based attacks (e.g., SYN floods) than UDP counterparts. CNSP likely contrasts TCP vs. UDP in protocol analysis.
Why other options are incorrect:
A, B, D: All default to UDP for efficiency, not TCP's reliability.
Real-World Context: Firewalls prioritize TCP 80/443 rules for HTTP/HTTPS, while UDP 123 is opened for NTP servers.
NEW QUESTION # 11
You are performing a security audit on a company's infrastructure and have discovered that the domain name system (DNS) server is vulnerable to a DNS cache poisoning attack. What is the primary security risk?
- A. The primary risk is that an attacker could redirect traffic to a malicious website and steal sensitive information.
- B. The primary risk is that an attacker could manipulate the cache of the web server or proxy server to return incorrect content for a specific URL or web page.
Answer: A
Explanation:
DNS cache poisoning, also known as DNS spoofing, involves an attacker injecting false DNS records into a resolver's cache, altering how domain names resolve.
Why A is correct: The primary risk is that an attacker can redirect users to malicious websites (e.g., phishing or malware sites) by poisoning the DNS cache with fake IP addresses. This can lead to credential theft, data exfiltration, or malware distribution. CNSP identifies this as the core threat of DNS cache poisoning, aligning with real-world attack vectors.
Why other option is incorrect:
B . Manipulate the cache of the web server or proxy server: This describes web cache poisoning, a different attack targeting HTTP caches, not DNS servers. DNS cache poisoning affects DNS resolution, not web or proxy server caches directly.
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which command will perform a DNS zone transfer of the domain "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1?
- A. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr
- B. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr
- C. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr
- D. dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr
Answer: C
Explanation:
A DNS zone transfer replicates an entire DNS zone (a collection of DNS records for a domain) from a primary nameserver to a secondary one, typically for redundancy or load balancing. The AXFR (Authoritative Full Zone Transfer) query type, defined in RFC 1035, facilitates this process. The dig (Domain Information Groper) tool, a staple in Linux/Unix environments, is used to query DNS servers. The correct syntax is:
dig @<nameserver> <domain> axfr
Here, dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axfr instructs dig to request a zone transfer for "victim.com" from the nameserver at 10.0.0.1. The @ symbol specifies the target server, overriding the system's default resolver.
Technical Details:
The AXFR query is sent over TCP (port 53), not UDP, due to the potentially large size of zone data, which exceeds UDP's typical 512-byte limit (pre-EDNS0).
Successful execution requires the nameserver to permit zone transfers from the querying IP, often restricted to trusted secondaries via Access Control Lists (ACLs) for security. If restricted, the server responds with a "REFUSED" error.
Security Implications: Zone transfers expose all DNS records (e.g., A, MX, NS), making them a reconnaissance goldmine for attackers if misconfigured. CNSP likely emphasizes securing DNS servers against unauthorized AXFR requests, using tools like dig to test vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com axrfr: "axrfr" is a typographical error. The correct query type is "axfr." Executing this would result in a syntax error or an unrecognized query type response from dig.
B . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com afxr: "afxr" is another typo, not a valid DNS query type per RFC 1035. dig would fail to interpret this, likely outputting an error like "unknown query type." C . dig @10.0.0.1 victim.com arfxr: "arfxr" is also invalid, a jumbled version of "axfr." It holds no meaning in DNS protocol standards and would fail similarly.
Real-World Context: Penetration testers use dig ... axfr to identify misconfigured DNS servers. For example, dig @ns1.example.com example.com axfr might reveal subdomains or internal IPs if not locked down.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which of the aforementioned SSL/TLS protocols are considered to be unsafe?
- A. SSLv2 and SSLv3
- B. SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, and TLSv1.3
- C. Both A and B
- D. TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1
Answer: C
Explanation:
SSL/TLS protocols secure network communication, but older versions have vulnerabilities:
SSLv2 (1995): Weak ciphers, no handshake integrity (e.g., MITM via DROWN attack, CVE-2016-0800). Deprecated by RFC 6176 (2011).
SSLv3 (1996): Vulnerable to POODLE (CVE-2014-3566), weak block ciphers (e.g., RC4). Deprecated by RFC 7568 (2015).
TLSv1.0 (1999, RFC 2246): Inherits SSLv3 flaws (e.g., BEAST, CVE-2011-3389), weak CBC ciphers. Deprecated by PCI DSS (2018) and RFC 8996 (2021).
TLSv1.1 (2006, RFC 4346): Improved over 1.0 but lacks modern cipher suites (e.g., AEAD). Deprecated with 1.0 by RFC 8996.
TLSv1.2 (2008, RFC 5246): Secure with strong ciphers (e.g., AES-GCM), widely used today.
TLSv1.3 (2018, RFC 8446): Latest, removes legacy weaknesses, mandatory forward secrecy.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Correct but incomplete without B.
B: Correct but incomplete without A.
D: Incorrectly includes TLSv1.2 and 1.3, which are secure and recommended.
Real-World Context: POODLE forced mass SSLv3 disablement in 2014; TLS 1.0/1.1 deprecation hit legacy systems in 2021.
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the response from an open UDP port which is not behind a firewall?
- A. ICMP message showing Port Unreachable
- B. No response
- C. A SYN packet
- D. A FIN packet
Answer: B
Explanation:
UDP's connectionless nature means it lacks inherent acknowledgment mechanisms, affecting its port response behavior.
Why B is correct: An open UDP port does not respond unless an application explicitly sends a reply. Without a firewall or application response, the sender receives no feedback, per CNSP scanning guidelines.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: ICMP Port Unreachable indicates a closed port, not an open one.
C: SYN packets are TCP-specific, not UDP.
D: FIN packets are also TCP-specific.
NEW QUESTION # 15
......
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